# College Notes

## Docs

- [College notes](https://college.notcat.dev/index.md): Central documentation site for my college notes
- [1.2 Figures of Speech (Extended Set)](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/1-2-figures-of-speech-extended.md): Beginner-friendly notes on assonance, consonance, sibilance, irony, pun, and more
- [1.3 Discourse Markers (Introduction)](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/1-3-discourse-markers.md): Beginner-friendly notes on discourse markers with spoken and written examples
- [1.4 Rhythm and Pitch in English](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/1-4-rhythm-and-pitch.md): Beginner-friendly notes on rhythm, stress, and pitch in spoken English
- [1.1 Figures of Speech (Basics)](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/foundations.md): Beginner-friendly notes on common figures of speech with easy rules and examples
- [AQ2.1: Activity Question 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-aq2-1-activity-question-2.md): Practice set for adverb basics, classification, and placement
- [AQ2.2: Activity Question 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-aq2-2-activity-question-2.md): Practice set on tense and aspect selection with correction drills
- [AQ2.3: Activity Question 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-aq2-3-activity-question-2.md): Practice set on passive structure, tense-preserving conversion, and error spotting
- [AQ2.4: Activity Questions 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-aq2-4-activity-questions-2.md): Practice set on adjective identification, ordering, and usage
- [Lecture 1: Adverbs - A Quick Review](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-lecture-1-adverbs-a-quick-review.md): Core revision of adverb types, positions, and common grammar errors
- [Lecture 2: Tenses and Aspects in English](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-lecture-2-tenses-and-aspects-in-english.md): Understanding tense-time relations and simple/progressive/perfect aspects
- [Lecture 3: Structure and Functions of Passives in English](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-lecture-3-structure-and-functions-of-passives-in-english.md): Passive voice structure, tense conversion, and practical use cases
- [Lecture 4: Some Important Concepts in Adjectives](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-lecture-4-some-important-concepts-in-adjectives.md): Types, order, and function of adjectives in English sentence building
- [Lecture 5: Degree Adverbs](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-lecture-5-degree-adverbs.md): Using adverbs of degree for intensity, approximation, and emphasis
- [Lecture 6: Adverbs - Comment, Viewpoint and Focus](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-lecture-6-adverbs-comment-viewpoint-and-focus.md): Understanding sentence adverbs for opinion, perspective, and emphasis control
- [Adverbs, Tense, Voice, and Adjectives](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-2-overview.md): Lecture-wise roadmap for Week 2 English with activities and revision focus
- [AQ3.1: Activity Questions 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-aq3-1-activity-questions-1.md): Practice set for sentence, clause, and complex sentence foundations
- [AQ3.2: Activity Questions 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-aq3-2-activity-questions-2.md): Practice set on clause description, sentence correction, and connector control
- [AQ3.3: Activity Questions 3](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-aq3-3-activity-questions-3.md): Practice set on clause illustration, transformation, and output-style exam patterns
- [Lecture 1: Sentence, Clause, and Complex Sentences](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-lecture-1-sentence-clause-and-complex-sentences.md): Core foundations for sentence vs clause and the structure of complex sentences
- [Lecture 2: Describing Clauses and Sentences](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-lecture-2-describing-clauses-and-sentences.md): Detailed description of clause roles, finite vs non-finite structures, and sentence clarity
- [Lecture 3: Illustrating Clauses and Sentences](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-lecture-3-illustrating-clauses-and-sentences.md): Worked illustrations for clause parsing, tree-like breakdown, and sentence transformation
- [Lecture 4: Adjectival (Relative) Clause](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-lecture-4-adjectival-relative-clause.md): Understanding relative clauses, relative pronouns, and restrictive vs non-restrictive use
- [Lecture 5: Required and Optional Elements (Complements and Adjuncts)](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-lecture-5-required-and-optional-elements.md): Understanding sentence elements: core complements vs optional adjuncts in grammar
- [Clauses and Sentence Structure](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-3-overview.md): Lecture-wise roadmap for Week 3 with clauses, complex sentences, and activity practice
- [AQ4.1: Activity Question 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-aq4-1-activity-question-1.md): Practice on claim, reason, evidence, and paragraph planning in argument writing
- [AQ4.2: Activity Question 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-aq4-2-activity-question-2.md): Practice on thesis statements, counterarguments, rebuttals, and essay order
- [AQ4.3: Activity Question 3](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-aq4-3-activity-question-3.md): Practice on lab manual sections, procedural sequence, and formal scientific wording
- [AQ4.4: Activity Question 4](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-aq4-4-activity-question-4.md): Practice on audience, tone, persuasive tools, and calls to action
- [AQ4.5: Activity Question 5](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-aq4-5-activity-question-5.md): Practice on reflective paragraph structure, insight, and future improvement statements
- [L4.1: Writing to Argue - I](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-l4-1-writing-to-argue-1.md): Foundations of argumentative writing: claim, reason, evidence, and paragraph control
- [L4.2: Writing to Argue - II](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-l4-2-writing-to-argue-2.md): Advanced argumentative writing with counterarguments, rebuttal, and essay organization
- [L4.3: Lab Manual](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-l4-3-lab-manual.md): Structure, language, and conventions of lab manual and procedure writing
- [L4.4: Writing to Influence](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-l4-4-writing-to-influence.md): Persuasive writing strategies, audience awareness, and effective rhetorical choices
- [L4.5: Essays on Reflection - I](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-l4-5-essays-on-reflection-1.md): Introduction to reflective writing: experience, response, meaning, and learning
- [L4.6: Essays on Reflection - II](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-l4-6-essays-on-reflection-2.md): Developing longer reflective essays with coherence, balance, and deeper insight
- [Writing, Influence, and Reflection](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/english/week-4-overview.md): Lecture-wise roadmap for Week 4 with argument, influence, reflection, and activity practice
- [A Quick Introduction to Variables](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/01-quick-introduction-to-variables.md): Understand what variables are and why they are used in Python
- [Variables and Input Statement](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/02-variables-and-input-statement.md): Take input from user and store it correctly in variables
- [Variables and Literals](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/03-variables-and-literals.md): Understand literal values used in Python programs
- [Data Types 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/04-data-types-1.md): Core scalar data types and type conversion
- [Data Types 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/05-data-types-2.md): List, tuple, set, and dictionary fundamentals
- [Operators and Expressions 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/06-operators-and-expressions-1.md): Arithmetic, relational, and logical operators
- [Operators and Expressions 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/07-operators-and-expressions-2.md): Assignment, identity, membership, and bitwise operators
- [Introduction to Strings](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/08-introduction-to-strings.md): String basics, indexing, slicing, and simple operations
- [More on Strings](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/09-more-on-strings.md): String methods, formatting, and common pattern problems
- [Conclusion: FAQs](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/10-conclusion-faqs.md): Quick revision and exam-focused frequently asked questions
- [Catalogue](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/catalogue.md): College-aligned Python syllabus track
- [Week 2 Complete Notes (L2.1-L2.12)](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-2-complete-notes.md): Detailed beginner-friendly notes for variables, strings, conditionals, and imports
- [L3.1: Introduction](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-1-introduction.md): Why loops are needed, iteration mindset, and algorithm tracing basics
- [L3.10: Tutorial on for loop and difference between while loop and for loop](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-10-tutorial-on-for-loop-and-difference-between-while-and-for.md): Advanced for-loop practice and precise comparison between while and for in Python
- [L3.11: Nested for loop](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-11-nested-for-loop.md): Understanding nested iteration for grids, pattern printing, and multiplication matrices
- [L3.12: Tutorial on nested loops](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-12-tutorial-on-nested-loops.md): Applied nested-loop tutorial with patterns, triangular outputs, and logic tracing
- [L3.13: break, continue and pass](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-13-break-continue-and-pass.md): Control statements in loops with behavior differences, traces, and trap questions
- [L3.14: Conclusion](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-14-conclusion.md): Week 3 final revision: loops summary, MCQ traps, and integrated practice
- [L3.2: Introduction to while loop](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-2-introduction-to-while-loop.md): Syntax, flow, dry runs, and error patterns for while loops
- [L3.3: While to Compute Factorial](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-3-while-to-compute-factorial.md): Factorial logic using while loop with base cases, tracing, and edge-case handling
- [L3.4: Tutorial on while loop](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-4-tutorial-on-while-loop.md): Applied while-loop patterns: sum, digit processing, sentinel loops, break/continue
- [L3.5: Introduction to for loop](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-5-introduction-to-for-loop.md): For-loop fundamentals, iterable traversal, and comparison with while
- [L3.6: for loop to add the first n numbers](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-6-for-loop-to-add-first-n-numbers.md): Summation patterns with for loop, formula check, and edge-case validation
- [L3.7: for loop for multiplication tables](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-7-for-loop-for-multiplication-tables.md): Single and multi-table generation using for loops with clean output formatting
- [L3.8: More on range and for loop without range](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-8-more-on-range-and-for-loop-without-range.md): Deep dive into range boundaries, negative steps, and direct iteration over iterables
- [L3.9: Formatted Printing](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-l3-9-formatted-printing.md): Clean output formatting with f-strings, width, alignment, precision, and table layout
- [Loops and Formatted Printing](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-3-overview.md): Lecture-wise Python Week 3 roadmap for while/for loops, range, and formatted output
- [L4.1: Warmup with Lists](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-1-warmup-with-lists.md): Introduction to list basics, indexing, updates, and beginner list operations
- [L4.10: Types of Function Arguments](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-10-types-of-function-arguments.md): Positional, keyword, default, and variable-length arguments in Python
- [L4.11: Types of Functions](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-11-types-of-functions.md): Built-in vs user-defined functions, value-returning vs non-value-returning, and revision summary
- [L4.2: Lists and Sets](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-2-lists-and-sets.md): Understanding the differences between lists and sets with use cases and traps
- [L4.3: Tuples](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-3-tuples.md): Tuple basics, immutability, packing, unpacking, and practical exam patterns
- [L4.4: More on Lists](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-4-more-on-lists.md): List methods, in-place updates, sorting, aliasing, and common list traps
- [L4.5: More on Sets](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-5-more-on-sets.md): Set methods, mathematical operations, and high-value exam traps
- [L4.6: More on Tuples](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-6-more-on-tuples.md): Advanced tuple patterns including nesting, swapping, membership, and tuple methods
- [L4.7: List Comprehensions](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-7-list-comprehensions.md): Compact list construction with conditions, transformations, and equivalent loop logic
- [L4.8: Introduction to Functions](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-8-introduction-to-functions.md): Why functions matter, basic syntax, return values, and function calling flow
- [L4.9: More Examples of Functions](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-l4-9-more-examples-of-functions.md): Applied function examples for maths, strings, collections, and tracing return behavior
- [Collections and Functions](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/python/week-4-overview.md): Lecture-wise roadmap for lists, sets, tuples, comprehensions, and functions
- [Resources](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/resources.md): Shared references and study resources
- [Statistical Foundations](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/foundations.md): Week 1 roadmap for basic definitions, types of data, classification of data, and scales of measurement
- [AQ1.1: Activity Questions 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-1-aq1-1-activity-questions-1.md): Practice on basic statistical terms and distinctions used in Week 1
- [AQ1.2: Activity Questions 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-1-aq1-2-activity-questions-2.md): Practice on understanding data, sources of data, and dataset quality
- [AQ1.3: Activity Questions 3](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-1-aq1-3-activity-questions-3.md): Practice on categorical and numerical classification with common MCQ traps
- [L1.1: Basic Definitions](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-1-l1-1-basic-definitions.md): Core statistical terms: statistics, data, population, sample, parameter, statistic, and variable
- [L1.2: Introduction and Types of Data - Understanding Data](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-1-l1-2-introduction-and-types-of-data-understanding-data.md): Meaning of data, why it is collected, sources of data, and the structure of datasets
- [L1.3: Introduction and Types of Data - Classification of Data](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-1-l1-3-introduction-and-types-of-data-classification-of-data.md): Categorical and numerical data, nominal and ordinal categories, discrete and continuous values
- [L1.4: Introduction and Types of Data - Scales of Measurement](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-1-l1-4-introduction-and-types-of-data-scales-of-measurement.md): Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales with distinctions, examples, and exam traps
- [AQ2.1: Activity Question 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-aq2-1-activity-question-1.md): Practice on frequency, relative frequency, and percentage distributions
- [AQ2.2: Activity Question 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-aq2-2-activity-question-2.md): Practice on selecting and interpreting charts for categorical variables
- [AQ2.3: Activity Question 3](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-aq2-3-activity-question-3.md): Practice on graph readability, labels, and category ordering
- [AQ2.4: Activity Question 4](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-aq2-4-activity-question-4.md): Practice on misleading graphs, scale distortion, and honest categorical presentation
- [L2.1: Describing Categorical Data - Frequency Distributions](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-l2-1-describing-categorical-data-frequency-distributions.md): Frequency tables, relative frequency, percentages, and interpretation for categorical variables
- [L2.2: Describing Categorical Data - Charts of Categorical Data](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-l2-2-describing-categorical-data-charts-of-categorical-data.md): Bar charts, pie charts, and chart selection for categorical summaries
- [L2.3: Describing Categorical Data - Best Practices while Graphing Data 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-l2-3-describing-categorical-data-best-practices-while-graphing-data-1.md): Graph clarity, labels, scales, and category arrangement for categorical displays
- [L2.4: Describing Categorical Data - Best Practices while Graphing Data 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-l2-4-describing-categorical-data-best-practices-while-graphing-data-2.md): Misleading graphs, distorted scales, percentages, and responsible presentation
- [L2.5: Describing Categorical Data - Mode and Median](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-l2-5-describing-categorical-data-mode-and-median.md): When mode and median make sense for categorical and ordinal data, with common MCQ traps
- [Describing Categorical Data](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-2-overview.md): Week 2 roadmap for frequency distributions, categorical charts, graphing best practices, and mode/median
- [AQ3.1: Activity Question 1](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-aq3-1-activity-question-1.md): Practice on numerical frequency tables and cumulative frequency
- [AQ3.2: Activity Question 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-aq3-2-activity-question-2.md): Practice on computing and interpreting the arithmetic mean
- [AQ3.3: Activity Question 3](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-aq3-3-activity-question-3.md): Practice on median and mode with ordered and unordered numerical data
- [AQ3.4: Activity Question 4](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-aq3-4-activity-question-4.md): Practice on spread, range, and interpretation of variance and standard deviation
- [L3.1: Describing Numerical Data - Frequency Tables for Numerical Data](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-l3-1-describing-numerical-data-frequency-tables-for-numerical-data.md): Building and interpreting frequency tables for raw numerical data
- [L3.2: Describing Numerical Data - Mean](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-l3-2-describing-numerical-data-mean.md): Arithmetic mean, interpretation, and sensitivity to outliers
- [L3.3: Describing Numerical Data - Median and Mode](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-l3-3-describing-numerical-data-median-and-mode.md): Median and mode for numerical data, with ordered data rules and interpretation
- [L3.4: Describing Numerical Data - Measures of Dispersion - Range, Variance and Standard Deviation](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-l3-4-describing-numerical-data-measures-of-dispersion-range-variance-and-standard-deviation.md): Spread of numerical data through range, variance, and standard deviation
- [L3.5: Describing Numerical Data - Percentiles, Quartiles, and Interquartile Range](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-l3-5-describing-numerical-data-percentiles-quartiles-and-interquartile-range.md): Percentiles, quartiles, quartile positions, and interquartile range for numerical summaries
- [Describing Numerical Data](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-3-overview.md): Week 3 roadmap for frequency tables, mean, median, mode, dispersion, and quartiles
- [AQ4.2: Activity Question 2](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-aq4-2-activity-question-2.md): Practice on reading and interpreting two-way tables for categorical variables
- [AQ4.3: Activity Question 3](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-aq4-3-activity-question-3.md): Practice on row and column percentages in two-way categorical tables
- [AQ4.4: Activity Question 4](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-aq4-4-activity-question-4.md): Practice on scatterplot interpretation for two numerical variables
- [AQ4.6: Activity Question 6](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-aq4-6-activity-question-6.md): Practice on interpreting covariance conceptually
- [AQ4.7: Activity Question 7](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-aq4-7-activity-question-7.md): Practice on interpreting correlation values and common misconceptions
- [AQ4.8: Activity Question 8](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-aq4-8-activity-question-8.md): Practice on fitted lines, linear trend, and prediction caution
- [L4.1: Association between two variables - Review of course](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-1-association-between-two-variables-review-of-course.md): Bridge lecture connecting earlier descriptive topics to studying relationships between two variables
- [L4.2: Association between two categorical variables - Introduction](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-2-association-between-two-categorical-variables-introduction.md): Two-way tables and initial interpretation of association between categorical variables
- [L4.3: Association between two categorical variables - Relative frequencies](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-3-association-between-two-categorical-variables-relative-frequencies.md): Row and column relative frequencies for comparing categorical groups fairly
- [L4.4: Association between two numerical variables - Scatterplot](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-4-association-between-two-numerical-variables-scatterplot.md): Scatterplots as the basic visual tool for two numerical variables
- [L4.5: Association between two numerical variables - Describing association](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-5-association-between-two-numerical-variables-describing-association.md): Describing scatterplots using direction, form, strength, and unusual observations
- [L4.6: Association between two numerical variables - Covariance](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-6-association-between-two-numerical-variables-covariance.md): Concept of covariance and how its sign reflects joint movement of two numerical variables
- [L4.7: Association between two numerical variables - Correlation](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-7-association-between-two-numerical-variables-correlation.md): Correlation as a standardized measure of linear association
- [L4.8: Association between two numerical variables - Fitting a line](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-8-association-between-two-numerical-variables-fitting-a-line.md): Best-fit line idea and its use in summarizing linear association
- [L4.9: Association between categorical and numerical variables](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-l4-9-association-between-categorical-and-numerical-variables.md): Comparing a numerical variable across categories using grouped summaries and interpretation
- [Association Between Variables](https://college.notcat.dev/notes/statistics/week-4-overview.md): Week 4 roadmap for association between categorical and numerical variables, scatterplots, covariance, correlation, and fitted lines